# Gas trades

Gas trades are calibrated in 2018 based on BP Statistic Review of World Energy (BP, 2019). Gas can be traded either through pipelines or by ships.

## Pipeline trades

According to BP (2019), pipeline trades across TIAM-FR regions are declared in 2018 following Table 1. So initial capacities of pipeline-based gas trades are limited to these observed exchanges.

Table 1: Pipeline-based gas exchanges in 2018 (in bcm) between [regions](../spatial-representation/index.md)
|  From| USA  | CAN  | MEX | CSA |  WEU  |  EEU |  FSU |  MEA | AFR | IND | CHI | JPN | SKO | AUS | ODA |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | --- | --- | ----- | ---- | -----| ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  To  |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  USA |      | 68.2 |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  CAN | 21.8 |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  MEX | 54.3 |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  CSA |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  WEU |      |      |     |     |       |      | 94.4 |      | 24.8|     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  EEU |      |      |     |     |   6.3 |      | 59.9 |      | 0.4 |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  FSU |      |      |     |     |       | 14.7 |      | 0.5  |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  MEA |      |      |     |     |       |      | 26.9 |      | 0.9 |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  AFR |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |  2.1 |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  IND |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  CHI |      |      |     |     |       |      | 41.2 |      |     |     |     |     |     |     | 3.9 |
|  JPN |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  SKO |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  AUS |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     | 4.4 |
|  ODA |      |      |     |     |       |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |

## Ships

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is traded according to BP (2019) statistical review (Table 2).

Table 2: LNG shipping across [regions](../spatial-representation/index.md) (in bcm)
|  From | USA | CAN | MEX | CSA |  WEU |  EEU |  FSU |  MEA | AFR  | IND | CHI | JPN | SKO | AUS | ODA |
| ----- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  To   |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  USA  |     |     |     | 5.8 |  0.8 |      |      |  2.4 |  3.3 |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  CAN  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  MEX  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  CSA  |     |     |     | 4.7 |  0.1 |      |      |  1.1 |  3.2 |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  WEU  | 0.4 |     |     | 6.7 |  3.5 |      |      |28.4  | 34.7 |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  EEU  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  FSU  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  MEA  |     |     |     | 0.3 |  0.1 |      |      |  1.4 |  0.7 |     |     |     |     | 0.1 | 0.2 |
|  AFR  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  IND  |     |     |     | 0.7 |      |      |      |  10.9|  0.6 |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  CHI  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |  2.4 |  0.3 |     |     |     |     | 5.2 | 4.1 |
|  JPN  | 0.9 |     |     | 0.2 |  0.1 |      | 8.23 |  21.0|  2.2 |     |     |     |     |17.7 | 43.3|
|  SKO  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  AUS  |     |     |     |     |      |      |      |      |      |     |     |     |     |     |     |
|  ODA  |     |     |     | 1.5 |  0.3 |      | 4.57 |23.5  |  5.6 |     |     |     |     | 2.4 | 21.2|

Before being used in a region or country, gas should be liquified, shipped, regasified. The techno-economic propoerties of liquefaction and regasification processes are as Table 3 shows. The whole chain or liquefaction and regasification shows 10% loss.

Table 3: Techno-economic properties of liquefaction and regasification processes for natural gas
| Attribute  | Liquefaction | Regasification |
| ---------- | ------------ | -------------- |
| VAROM      | 1.00         | 0.50           |
| CAPEX      | 36.00        | 3.00           |
| FIXOM      | 0.00         | 0.10           |
| Life       | 50.00        | 50.00          |

**References**

BP, 2019. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 \[WWW Document\]. URL https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (accessed 3.29.24).