GasΒΆ
In TIAM-FR, gas resources and extraction costs are extracted from the cost cruves found in (Pye et al., 2020). To reflect that the declared resources are not entirely accessible right off the bat, it is assumed that 10% of the resources of each step can be extracted annually at best.
Table 1: Assumed brown coal resources [EJ] across regions. Steps refer to cost assumptions located in Table 2
step |
AFR |
AUS |
CAN |
CHI |
CSA |
EEU |
FSU |
IND |
JPN |
MEA |
MEX |
ODA |
SKO |
USA |
WEU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
4.1 |
8.0 |
2.3 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
8.0 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
4.9 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
8.7 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
8.3 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.9 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
4.2 |
5.1 |
12.7 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
8.7 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
5.3 |
4.7 |
5.5 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
3.6 |
4.7 |
5.3 |
9.3 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
5 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
4.7 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
5.7 |
0.0 |
4.4 |
5.8 |
5.7 |
12.7 |
4.8 |
5.3 |
6 |
5.2 |
5.4 |
5.9 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
0.0 |
4.6 |
6.8 |
5.7 |
13.4 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
7 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
5.9 |
6.5 |
5.1 |
6.5 |
5.7 |
6.9 |
0.0 |
4.7 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
0.0 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
8 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
6.3 |
6.7 |
5.5 |
6.5 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
0.0 |
4.7 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
5.6 |
9 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
6.6 |
7.3 |
5.6 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
4.9 |
7.4 |
6.4 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
6.2 |
10 |
5.5 |
6.7 |
6.8 |
7.5 |
5.9 |
6.8 |
7.4 |
7.8 |
0.0 |
4.9 |
7.9 |
7.5 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
6.2 |
11 |
5.5 |
6.7 |
7.8 |
7.8 |
6.1 |
7.3 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
0.0 |
5.0 |
8.5 |
7.7 |
0.0 |
7.3 |
6.3 |
12 |
5.6 |
7.5 |
7.8 |
8.2 |
6.2 |
8.1 |
7.9 |
8.5 |
0.0 |
5.1 |
9.3 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
7.9 |
6.5 |
13 |
5.7 |
8.1 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
6.4 |
10.2 |
8.2 |
9.9 |
0.0 |
5.1 |
10.0 |
8.7 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
6.5 |
14 |
6.3 |
8.2 |
8.5 |
8.8 |
6.5 |
10.8 |
8.5 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
5.2 |
11.3 |
8.8 |
0.0 |
8.7 |
6.5 |
15 |
6.5 |
8.5 |
8.6 |
107.0 |
6.5 |
10.9 |
8.7 |
21.1 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
12.0 |
107.0 |
0.0 |
8.7 |
6.5 |
16 |
7.0 |
9.8 |
8.7 |
12.4 |
6.5 |
11.6 |
9.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.7 |
0.0 |
10.9 |
0.0 |
9.4 |
6.5 |
17 |
7.3 |
12.5 |
10.0 |
14.8 |
6.9 |
17.3 |
12.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.7 |
0.0 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
9.5 |
7.9 |
18 |
7.3 |
14.8 |
12.4 |
21.3 |
7.4 |
18.5 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
16.9 |
0.0 |
10.9 |
7.9 |
19 |
8.0 |
0.0 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.6 |
8.1 |
20 |
8.6 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
8.3 |
21 |
8.7 |
0.0 |
13.9 |
0.0 |
7.8 |
0.0 |
24.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
8.3 |
22 |
8.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.7 |
23 |
9.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.0 |
24 |
9.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.0 |
25 |
9.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.4 |
26 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.8 |
27 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.8 |
28 |
10.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.8 |
29 |
14.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.8 |
30 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.1 |
31 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
25.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.1 |
32 |
19.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
25.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.4 |
33 |
28.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
30.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
34 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16.0 |
35 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
18.5 |
36 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
22.4 |
Table 2: Cost of coal extraction [$/GJ] across regions
step |
AFR |
AUS |
CAN |
CHI |
CSA |
EEU |
FSU |
IND |
JPN |
MEA |
MEX |
ODA |
SKO |
USA |
WEU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.0 |
3.6 |
2.8 |
4.1 |
8.0 |
2.3 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
8.0 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
2 |
3.6 |
4.3 |
3.8 |
4.1 |
3.8 |
4.9 |
4.0 |
4.7 |
8.7 |
2.9 |
4.0 |
3.8 |
8.3 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3 |
4.5 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
4.9 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
4.2 |
5.1 |
12.7 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
4.5 |
8.7 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4 |
5.1 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
5.3 |
4.7 |
5.5 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
0.0 |
3.6 |
4.7 |
5.3 |
9.3 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
5 |
5.2 |
5.1 |
5.7 |
5.7 |
4.7 |
5.6 |
4.4 |
5.7 |
0.0 |
4.4 |
5.8 |
5.7 |
12.7 |
4.8 |
5.3 |
6 |
5.2 |
5.4 |
5.9 |
6.1 |
4.9 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
6.4 |
0.0 |
4.6 |
6.8 |
5.7 |
13.4 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
7 |
5.2 |
5.7 |
5.9 |
6.5 |
5.1 |
6.5 |
5.7 |
6.9 |
0.0 |
4.7 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
0.0 |
5.5 |
5.6 |
8 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
6.3 |
6.7 |
5.5 |
6.5 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
0.0 |
4.7 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
5.6 |
9 |
5.3 |
6.5 |
6.6 |
7.3 |
5.6 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
4.9 |
7.4 |
6.4 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
6.2 |
10 |
5.5 |
6.7 |
6.8 |
7.5 |
5.9 |
6.8 |
7.4 |
7.8 |
0.0 |
4.9 |
7.9 |
7.5 |
0.0 |
7.0 |
6.2 |
11 |
5.5 |
6.7 |
7.8 |
7.8 |
6.1 |
7.3 |
7.8 |
8.4 |
0.0 |
5.0 |
8.5 |
7.7 |
0.0 |
7.3 |
6.3 |
12 |
5.6 |
7.5 |
7.8 |
8.2 |
6.2 |
8.1 |
7.9 |
8.5 |
0.0 |
5.1 |
9.3 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
7.9 |
6.5 |
13 |
5.7 |
8.1 |
7.9 |
8.3 |
6.4 |
10.2 |
8.2 |
9.9 |
0.0 |
5.1 |
10.0 |
8.7 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
6.5 |
14 |
6.3 |
8.2 |
8.5 |
8.8 |
6.5 |
10.8 |
8.5 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
5.2 |
11.3 |
8.8 |
0.0 |
8.7 |
6.5 |
15 |
6.5 |
8.5 |
8.6 |
10.1 |
6.5 |
10.9 |
8.7 |
21.1 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
12.0 |
10.1 |
0.0 |
8.7 |
6.5 |
16 |
7.0 |
9.8 |
8.7 |
12.4 |
6.5 |
11.6 |
9.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.7 |
0.0 |
10.9 |
0.0 |
9.4 |
6.5 |
17 |
7.3 |
12.5 |
10.0 |
14.8 |
6.9 |
17.3 |
12.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.7 |
0.0 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
9.5 |
7.9 |
18 |
7.3 |
14.8 |
12.4 |
21.3 |
7.4 |
18.5 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
16.9 |
0.0 |
10.9 |
7.9 |
19 |
8.0 |
0.0 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.6 |
8.1 |
20 |
8.6 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
0.0 |
7.5 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
8.3 |
21 |
8.7 |
0.0 |
13.9 |
0.0 |
7.8 |
0.0 |
24.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
8.3 |
22 |
8.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.7 |
23 |
9.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.0 |
24 |
9.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
8.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.0 |
25 |
9.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.4 |
26 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.8 |
27 |
10.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9.8 |
28 |
10.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.8 |
29 |
14.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
10.8 |
30 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.1 |
31 |
14.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
25.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.1 |
32 |
19.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
25.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
11.4 |
33 |
28.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
30.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.7 |
34 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16.0 |
35 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
18.5 |
36 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
22.4 |
Reference
Pye, S., Bradley, S., Hughes, N., Price, J., Welsby, D., Ekins, P., 2020. An equitable redistribution of unburnable carbon. Nat Commun 11, 3968. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17679-3