Gas trades

Gas trades are calibrated in 2018 based on BP Statistic Review of World Energy (BP, 2019). Gas can be traded either through pipelines or by ships.

Pipeline trades

According to BP (2019), pipeline trades across TIAM-FR regions are declared in 2018 following Table 1. So initial capacities of pipeline-based gas trades are limited to these observed exchanges.

Table 1: Pipeline-based gas exchanges in 2018 (in bcm) between regions

From	USA	CAN	MEX	CSA	WEU	EEU	FSU	MEA	AFR	IND	CHI	JPN	SKO	AUS	ODA
To
USA		68.2
CAN	21.8
MEX	54.3
CSA
WEU							94.4		24.8
EEU					6.3		59.9		0.4
FSU						14.7		0.5
MEA							26.9		0.9
AFR								2.1
IND
CHI							41.2								3.9
JPN
SKO
AUS															4.4
ODA

Ships

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is traded according to BP (2019) statistical review (Table 2).

Table 2: LNG shipping across regions (in bcm)

From	USA	CAN	MEX	CSA	WEU	EEU	FSU	MEA	AFR	IND	CHI	JPN	SKO	AUS	ODA
To
USA				5.8	0.8			2.4	3.3
CAN
MEX
CSA				4.7	0.1			1.1	3.2
WEU	0.4			6.7	3.5			28.4	34.7
EEU
FSU
MEA				0.3	0.1			1.4	0.7					0.1	0.2
AFR
IND				0.7				10.9	0.6
CHI								2.4	0.3					5.2	4.1
JPN	0.9			0.2	0.1		8.23	21.0	2.2					17.7	43.3
SKO
AUS
ODA				1.5	0.3		4.57	23.5	5.6					2.4	21.2

Before being used in a region or country, gas should be liquified, shipped, regasified. The techno-economic propoerties of liquefaction and regasification processes are as Table 3 shows. The whole chain or liquefaction and regasification shows 10% loss.

Table 3: Techno-economic properties of liquefaction and regasification processes for natural gas

Attribute	Liquefaction	Regasification
VAROM	1.00	0.50
CAPEX	36.00	3.00
FIXOM	0.00	0.10
Life	50.00	50.00

References

BP, 2019. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019 [WWW Document]. URL https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (accessed 3.29.24).